The simplest way to remove leading and trailing whitespaces around a string is to use the String#strip function. It returns a copy of the string (without modifying the original) with whitespace removed from both ends.
puts " hello ".strip
# "hello"If you want to modify the original string, use the bang (!) version of the strip method as follows:
name = " Ruby "
puts name # " Ruby "
name.strip!
puts name # "Ruby"In addition, Ruby also provides lstrip, lstrip!, rstrip, and rstrip! methods to remove whitespaces from only one end of the string.
input = " Ruby on Rails "
puts input.strip # "Ruby on Rails"
puts input.lstrip # "Ruby on Rails "
puts input.rstrip # " Ruby on Rails"Remove All Whitespace in a String
If the string contains extra whitespace inside, you can use the String#gsub method to replace it using a regex.
input = " Ruby on Rails "
puts input.gsub(/\s+/, "") # RubyonRailsIn the above code, the /\s+/ regular expression means one or more whitespace (spaces, newlines, or tabs).
Note how it removed all whitespace both around and inside the string, resulting in RubyonRails, which you may or may not want.
The squish method in Rails provides a nice alternative by removing only the extra space inside the string. That is, it first removes all whitespace on both ends of the string, and then changes remaining consecutive whitespace groups into one space each.
input = " Ruby on Rails "
input.squish # "Ruby on Rails"Pretty handy.
Bonus: If you want to remove just the last character in a string (doesn't matter if it's a whitespace or not), use the String#chop method.
puts "whoops".chop
# "whoop"What is Considered a Whitespace in Strings?
In Ruby's String class, whitespace is defined as a contiguous sequence of characters consisting of any mixture of the following:
- NL (null):
"\x00","\u0000". - HT (horizontal tab):
"\x09","\t". - LF (line feed):
"\x0a","\n". - VT (vertical tab):
"\x0b","\v". - FF (form feed):
"\x0c","\f". - CR (carriage return):
"\x0d","\r". - SP (space):
"\x20"," ".
That's a wrap. I hope you found this article helpful and you learned something new.
As always, if you have any questions or feedback, didn't understand something, or found a mistake, please leave a comment below or send me an email. I reply to all emails I get from developers, and I look forward to hearing from you.
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